Bermitra dengan Arsitek

Perlu dipahami dengan seksama bahwa di Indonesia satu-satunya wadah profesi Arsitek berhimpun adalah Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (IAI/ Indonesian Institute of Architects). Hal tersebut telah resmi disahkan oleh Undang-undang yang berlaku. Karenanya, terkait tugas utama seorang Arsitek yang benar dapat merujuk kepada definisi yang diterbitkan IAI pada dokumen AD/ART IAI, Kode Etik dan Tata Laku Profesi Arsitek, maupun Pedoman Hubungan Kerja dengan Pengguna Jasa.

Jika Merujuk pada AD/ART IAI (2018), yang disebut Arsitek adalah seseorang yang melakukan Praktik Arsitek, yakni penyelenggaraan kegiatan untuk menghasilkan karya Arsitektur meliputi perencanaan, perancangan, pengawasan, dan/atau pengkajian untuk bangunan gedung dan lingkungannya, serta terkait dengan kawasan dan kota; (Pasal 1 Ayat 2).

Sedangkan Arsitektur adalah wujud hasil penerapan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni secara utuh dalam menggubah ruang dan lingkungan binaan sebagai bagian dari kebudayaan dan peradaban manusia, yang memenuhi kaidah fungsi, kaidah konstruksi, dan kaidah estetika serta mencakup faktor keselamatan, keamanan, kesehatan, kenyamanan, dan kemudahan. (Pasal 1 Ayat 3)

Keterampilan yang harus dikuasai seorang Arsitek meliputi beberapa Aspek, yang tentu saja bukan hanya sekadar tentang keahlian menggambar saja. Jika merujuk ke beberapa referensi dan sumber (berupa standar asosiasi Arsitek berbagai negara, komunitas, standar akridetasi, dan sebagainya), kita akan menjumpai rincian keterampilan dan kompetensi yang beragam. Meski demikian, tentu terdapat benang merah yang substansinya sama. Diantaranya adalah pengetahuan tentang bangunan dan lingkungannya, pengguna, budaya, komunikasi, dan lain lain-lain.

Lebih lanjut, di bawah ini kami kutipkan standar kompetensi dari 2 perspektif yakni dari standar kompetensi Arsitek profesional IAI, dan standar performa capaian selama pendidikan Arsitektur. Semoga bermanfaat dan menambah khasanah serta semangat kita berkarya!

Di Indonesia, Arsitek profesional yang diakui IAI adalah arsitek terdaftar yang memiliki SKA (atau kini menjadi STRA/ Surat Tanda Registrasi Arsitek). Maka kita dapat melihat beberapa kompetensi wajib yang harus dikuasai Arsitek untuk mendapatkan STRA tersebut, yaitu setidaknya terdapat 13 butir kompetensi** sebagai berikut:

1. Perancangan Arsitektur

Kemampuan menghasilkan rancangan arsitektur yang memenuhi ukuran estetika dan persyaratan teknis, dan yang bertujuan melestarikan lingkungan (Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements, and which aim to be environmentally sustainable)

2. Pengetahuan Arsitektur

Pengetahuan yang memadai tentang sejarah dan teori arsitektur termasuk seni, teknologi dan ilmu-ilmu pengetahuan manusia (Adequate knowledge of the history and theories of architecture and related arts, technologies, and human sciences)

3. Pengetahuan Seni

Pengetahuan tentang seni rupa dan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas rancangan arsitektur (Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design)

4. Perencanaan dan Perancangan Kota

Pengetahuan yang memadai tentang perancanaan dan perancangan kota serta ketrampilan yang dibutuhkan dalam proses perancanaan itu (Adequate knowledge on urban design, planning, and the skills involved in the planning process)

5. Hubungan antara Manusia, Bangunan dan Lingkungan

Memahami hubungan antara manusia dan bangunan gedung serta antara bangunan gedung dan lingkungannya, juga memahami pentingnya mengaitkan ruang-ruang yang terbentuk di antara manusia, bangunan gedung dan lingkungannya tersebut untuk kebutuhan manusia dan skala manusia (Understanding of the relationship between people and buildings and between buildings and their environments, and of the need to relate spaces between them to human needs and scale.)

6. Pengetahuan Daya Dukung Lingkungan

Menguasai pengetahuan yang memadai tentang cara menghasilkan perancangan yang sesuai daya dukung lingkungan (An adequate knowledge of the means of achieving environmentally sustainable design.)

7. Peran Arsitek di Masyarakat

Memahami aspek keprofesian dalam bidang Arsitektur dan menyadari peran arsitek di masyarakat, khususnya dalam penyusunan kerangka acuan kerja yang memperhitungkan faktor-faktor sosial (Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of architects in society, in particular in preparing briefs that account for social factors)

8. Persiapan Pekerjaan Perancangan

Memahami metode penelusuran dan penyiapan program rancangan bagi sebuah proyek perancangan (Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project.)

9. Pengertian Masalah Antar-Disiplin

Memahami permasalahan struktur, konstruksi dan rekayasa yang berkaitan dengan perancangan bangunan gedung (Understanding of the structural design, construction, and engineering problems associated with building design.)

10. Pengetahuan Fisik dan Fisika Bangunan

Menguasai pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai permasalahan fisik dan fisika, teknologi dan fungsi bangunan gedung sehingga dapat melengkapinya dengan kondisi internal yang memberi kenyamanan serta perlindungan terhadap iklim setempat (Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and of the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against climate.)

11. Penerapan Batasan Anggaran dan Peraturan Bangunan

Menguasai keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan pihak pengguna bangunan gedung dalam rentang-kendala biaya pembangunan dan peraturan bangunan (Necessary design skills to meet building users requirements within the constraints imposed by cost factors and buildign regulations.)

12. Pengetahuan Industri Kontruksi dalam Perencanaan

Menguasai pengetahuan yang memadai tentang industri, organisasi, peraturan dan tata-cara yang berkaitan dengan proses penerjemahan konsep perancangan menjadi bangunan gedung serta proses mempadukan penataan denah-denahnya menjadi sebuah perencanaan yang menyeluruh (Adequate knowledge of the industries, organizations, regulations, and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.)

13. Pengetahuan Manajemen Proyek

Menguasai pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai pendanaan proyek, manajemen proyek dan pengendalian biaya pembangunan (Adequate knowledge of project financing, project management and cost control.)

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n/b:

**standar kompetensi ini mungkin saja mengalami perubahan atau amandemen oleh IAI di kemudian hari jika Dewan Arsitek Indonesia (DAI) maupun IAI melakuan perubahan/ pembaharuan. Informasikan kepada kami jika Anda mengetahui standar yang lebih mutakhir.

Refrerensi:

Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (iai.or.id) | diakses: 3 Oktober 2021

Kurikulum yang diterapkan di masing-masing perguruan tinggi sangat beragam. Salah satu bentuk usaha untuk menjamin standar dan pemerataan mutu dan hasil pendidikan adalah akridetasi Internasional. KAAB (Korea Architectural Accrediting Board) adalah salah satu standar akridetasi yang aktif secara internasional, sama seperti JABEE (Japan), HKIA ( Hongkong), dan lain-lain.

Berikut adalah 37 Students Performance Criteria KAAB:

[Communication]

01. Oral and Literal Communication

Ability to communicate architectural ideas in writing and speech, and the ability to communicate in a foreign language.

02. Drawing and Presentation

Ability to produce and present various types of architectural documents and reports.

03. Leadership

Awareness of leadership skills and methods in a collaborative work setting in architecture with people from various disciplines and interests.

04. Use of Diverse Media

Ability to demonstrate architectural ideas through appropriate media including sketches, written documents, and iconic models. Digital methods and the ability to apply method to design.

[Cultural Context]

05. Architecture, Science and Fine Art

Understanding of relationships among architecture, science and art.

06. Architectural History of the World and Tradition

Understanding of the diversity of cultural traditions and world architectural history.

07. Architectural History of Korea and Tradition

Understanding of national and regional ideological heritage and cultural traditions.

08. Architecture and Society

Understanding of the relationship between and mutual influence of architecture with respect to historical, social, regional and political factors.

09. Application of Precedents

Ability to review precedents in the field of urban design, architecture and landscape architecture with a critical view, cite them in the discussion of architecture and apply them in design of building and urban planning.

10. Human Behavior

Understanding of theories and methodologies clarifying the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior.

11. Sustainable Architecture and Society

Understanding of principles and theories of sustainability in architecture and urban areas.

[Design]

12. Form and Space Organization

Understanding and utilizing the basic principles of 2D and 3D forms and spatial structure that constitutes architectural and urban design.

13. Analysis and Program Writing

Ability to collect and analyze diverse information related to an architectural design problem, and ability to develop a consolidated architectural program.

14. Collaboration

Ability to recognize individual talent and cooperate with his/her team members as a member or a leader in a team or group work situation.

15. Cultural and Historical Context of a Site

Ability to formulate a design concept based on the understanding of the cultural and historical context of a site, systematically analyze and assess the acquired data and information acquired, and implement the findings into the design resolution.

16. Site Analysis and Land Preparation

Ability to understand the characteristics of a site in terms of natural, environmental, climatic and artificial conditions, and design requirements. Apply these characteristics in the planning of exterior space and land preparation.

17. Barrier Free Design

Ability to design a building to meet the various requirements of building users including the physically handicapped and elderly.

18. Safety and Protection

Ability to select appropriate systems of fire protection, emergency egress, and disaster protection based on the principles of life safety and disaster protection theory and facilitate them in the design process.

19. Integration of Building Systems in Design

Understanding of a building system and its constituent elements such as building structure, building envelope, composition of building, mechanical and electrical service and other building components, and the ability to integrate them into his/her design.

20. Design of Addition/Alternation, Repair, and Maintenance

Ability to assess and make changes or maintain the form or functions of existing buildings to renovate, rebuild, remodel and/or repair.

21. Housing Design, Urban Design and Urban Planning

Understanding of the basic principles of housing design, urban design, and urban planning. Ability to critically assess designs and plans, and to utilize the outcome in his/her own design.

22. Technical Document Writing

Ability to systematically demonstrate the design process from the early stage to the final phase and make a technically precise presentation to demonstrate the design intention and the result for each design phase. and produce design documents.

23. Consolidated Design

Ability to assess the various elements and components that constitute a building and integrate them to into his/her own design.

[Technology]

24. Principles of Structure

Understanding of the basic theories and principles of forces and building structure.

25. Structural System

Understanding of various building structure systems and their application in design.

26. Sustainability of Building Environment

Understanding of the sustainable method/systems for environmental control and the processes of circulation systems.

27. Indoor Environment Control Systems

Understanding of the basic principles and assessment methods of environmental control systems including thermal, lighting, acoustical systems, and energy management.

28. Building Service Systems

Understanding of the basic principles and appropriate applications of building service systems including mechanical, electrical, communication, and disaster protection systems.

29. Application of Computer Technology and BIM

Understanding of the utilization and application of computers in the design process and the integration of a computer-aided design system such as Building Information Modeling technique.

30. Building Materials and Components

Understanding of principles, conventions, standards, applications and restrictions regarding the production and use of building materials, components and assemblies.

31. Recycling and Hazard Protection

Understanding the process of recycling construction materials and building wastes, and their potential hazard to the environment.

32. Construction Process and Management

Understanding of the construction process and the management skill to effectively facilitate physical, human, and technical resources within the local context.

[Professional Practice]

33. Ethics of Architects and Professional Obligation

Understanding of the ethics, responsibility and professional obligations to society.

34. Role of Architects

Understanding of the architect’s role in the construction process, including: procurement, contract, planning, design, bidding, construction, observation, and post- occupancy evaluation (POE).

35. Construction Documentation/Manual

Awareness of the different types of documents required to carry out a competitive, responsible and professional service.

36. Building Code and Regulation

Understanding of construction laws and regulations related to public safety and welfare, property rights, building codes and regulations, design, construction and practice, and the legal responsibility of architects.

37. Operation and Management of Architectural Practice

Understanding of the basic facts and management skills required in the operation of an architecture practice office.